比利牛斯山脉

ThePyreneesMountains

比利牛斯山脉是欧洲西南部山脉，法国与西班牙两国界山，是欧洲西南部最大的山脉。比利牛斯山脉是欧洲大陆与伊比利亚半岛的天然屏障。比利牛斯山脉构造具有阿尔卑斯山脉的特征。比利牛斯山脉西起大西洋比斯开湾畔，东止地中海岸，长约公里。按地理环境可分西、中、东比利牛斯3个自然区：西比利牛斯山，从大西洋岸至松波特山口，平均海拔不到米，降水丰沛，河流侵蚀切割，形成山口，成为法国和西班牙之间的通道；中比利牛斯山，从松波特山口往东至加龙河上游河谷，群峰竞立，山势最高，海拔米以上山峰有5座，最高点阿内托峰海拔米；东比利牛斯山，从加龙河上游至地中海岸，也称地中海比利牛斯山，有海拔较高的山间盆地。离地中海岸约48公里处有海拔仅米的山口，为南北交通要道。比利牛斯山区自然风光绚丽，是欧洲重要旅游胜地，又是登山滑雪等冬季体育活动的最佳场地。

ThePyreneesarethemountainsinsouthwesternEurope,theboundarybetweenFranceandSpain,andthelargestmountainrangeinsouthwesternEurope.ThePyreneesareanaturalbarrierbetweentheEuropeancontinentandtheIberianPeninsula.ThePyreneesstructureischaracterizedbytheAlps.ThePyreneesrangefromtheAtlanticBiscayBayinthewesttotheMediterraneanSeaintheeast,aboutkilometerslong.Accordingtothegeographicalenvironment,itcanbedividedintothreenaturalareas:west,middleandeastPyrenees:WestPyrenees,fromtheAtlanticcoasttotheSongportPass,withanaveragealtitudeoflessthanmeters,abundantrainfall,rivererosionandcutting,formedthePassandbecamethechannelbetweenFranceandSpain;IntheMiddlePyrenees,fromtheSongportPasstotheeasttotheupperreachesoftheGaronneRivervalley,therearefivepeakswithanaltitudeofmorethan3,meters,andthehighestpeak,AnetoPeak,is3,metersabovesealevel;TheeasternPyrenees,fromtheupperreachesoftheGaronneRivertotheMediterraneancoast,alsoknownastheMediterraneanPyrenees,havemountainbasinsathigheraltitudes.About48kilometersfromtheMediterraneancoast,thereisamountainpasswithanaltitudeofonlymeters,whichisthemaintrafficroutebetweenthenorthandthesouth.ThePyreneesregionisabeautifulnaturalsceneryandanimportanttouristdestinationinEurope.Itisalsothebestvenueforwintersportssuchasmountaineeringandskiing.

比利牛斯山脉是许多民族的生息地，其中有安道尔人、加泰隆人、贝阿恩人和巴斯克人。每个民族说自己的语言或方言，他们期望保持甚至想扩大自己的自治领地，而同时却承认比利牛斯山脉各族人民的大团结。巴斯克人或许是最著名的比利牛斯山脉民族，他们说一种非印欧语系的语言，具有奋力捍卫自己自治领地的悠久历史传统。

ThePyreneesarehometomanypeoples,includingAndorrans,Catalans,BearNaisandBasques.Eachnationspeaksitsownlanguageordialect,andtheyexpecttomaintainorevenwanttoexpandtheirdominion,whileatthesametimerecognizingthegreatunityofthepeoplesofthePyrenees.BasquepeopleareperhapsthemostfamousPyrenees.Theyspeakanon-Indo-Europeanlanguageandhavealonghistoryofstrugglingtodefendtheirdominion.

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翻译整编：番薯叶

插画：板蓝根

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